Now we are going to discuss control and coordination in human in which we will discuss different ways in humans which can enable different body cells to communicate with each other and coordination among different organs to perform specific activities.
Control and Coordination in Human:
In human two types of control and coordination system present, one is endocrine system which coordinate among different body parts through the secretion of endocrine glands and another one is nervous system which takes different stimulation and send it to central nervous system and after analysis different organs show various activities in response to the stimulus.
Control and Coordination by Nervous System:
Nervous system works in our body through nerve cells or neurons which coordinate among different parts of our body and help to respond to various stimulation. Not only in humans, all advanced animals have a nervous system which helps to maintain a proper coordinator among different body parts.
In our nervous system function and structural unit are nerve cells or neurons which take different types of stimulation and transmit the nerve impulses to different parts of our central nervous system and then get command from the central nervous system and help to react according to the stimulus.
Our nervous systems have different parts according to their role in control and coordination, central nervous system made of brain and spinal cord, peripheral nervous system made of different nerve fibres, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
- Central Nervous System:
It is the main controlling region of our nervous system which gathers different types of sensory information and analyses them and processes further, store in the form of memory and send instructions to the peripheral nervous system which helps to respond for a specific stimulation.
- Peripheral Nervous System:
The peripheral nervous system is responsible for bringing the sensory nerve impulses into the central nervous system and the nerve fibres send instructions to the different organs to react according to a specific stimulation.
- Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System:
They are responsible for some involuntary functions in our body like heart rate, sweating and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system act in opposite directions because the sympathetic nervous system promotes different functions to handle emergency situations while the parasympathetic nervous system keeps the vital functions in normal stage.
Control and Coordination by Endocrine System:
Endocrine systems are very efficient because they do not need vessels to or any fibres to reach at a place, they can easily reach through the blood and reach easily upto each cell and tissues.
Endocrine system have different types of glands which are responsible for different types of hormonal secretion and they only effect on their target organ they do not affect other organs and their secretion is controlled by secretion of another glands so in Endocrine System on every stage there are control mechanism through different types of feedback system.
In our brain hypothalamus is responsible for controlling the endocrine secretion of pituitary gland and the pituitary gland secretion again control other endocrine glands in our body and decided which type of endocrine secretion should release and control the amount of secretion by feedback mechanism.
Every endocrine glands secretion targets specific organs and promotes their functions or may reduce their functions depending upon the situation.
When a organ need to increase their functions some stimulating hormone stimulate the organ and when some organ start to function more than its requirements then some endocrine secretion inhibit the function of that particular organs and for it endocrine system have two types of feedback mechanism, positive feedback which stimulates a particular secretion while another one is negative feedback which reduces the secretion of a particular endocrine gland.
In some cases our nervous system and endocrine system function together to control and coordinate among different parts of the body, for example the neurosecretory cell inside the hypothalamus.
Read More: Nervous System General Overview
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