What is Vertebrate: The vertebrates are a group of Chordata in which the notochord form the series of vertebrae, the vertebral column or backbone. The vertebral column is an important part of the axial skeleton in Subphylum Vertebrata, in Subphylum Vertebrata the brain box or cranium is also an important feature. So we can say … Read more
Lower Vertebrate and Higher Vertebrate: In Vertebrate we find cranium or brain box and vertebral column along with other Chordate Characteristics, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits. But all the members of Vertebrate do not show all the advanced features present in today Vertebrate and some of them have primitive Vertebrate characters while … Read more
The origin of Vertebrate is assumed from the lower Chordata, there is no exact evidence for Chordata ancestors because the ancestral Chordata was soft-bodied. The soft-bodied ancestral Chordata did not leave any fossil as evidence. Most of the Chordata ancestors are extinct today the primitive Chordata are present today and the resemblance of Protochordata with … Read more
There are many controversies present about the origin and Ancestry of Subphylum Vertebrata but no one is yet can be assumed to be actual. There are so many hypotheses that try to explain the time and place of origin of Subphylum Vertebrata but none of them is accurate but yet we will discuss all the … Read more
The present-day Vertebrata we see not present on earth from the origin of the earth, with time simple organisms evolve to complex organisms and finally evolved into Vertebrate. The phylogeny of Vertebrata means the flow of evolution through which order the simple animals evolved into Vertebrate, the phylogenetic tree represents how Vertebrate evolved from the … Read more
Basis of Classification in Subphylum Vertebrata: Every time we try to classify any groups of animals we first consider some special features which are not present in all members of the group and the features which separate a group of animals from another group of animals. The features determine the relationship among different groups of … Read more
As Vertebrata comes under phylum Chordata so all the three fundamental Chordate characters are present in them, additionally they have some other features which are not present in other Subphylum of phylum Chordata. Pharyngeal Gill Slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and Notochord, the three fundamental Chordate characters and two extra features, presence of cranium and … Read more
What is Vertebrates: Vertebrates are a group of animals under phylum Chordata which are placed under a subphylum Vertebrata, as they are Chordata so they have all the features of phylum Chordata along with they have some special features which are absent in other Subphylum of phylum Chordata. Meaning of Vertebrata: In vertebrates, the bony … Read more
Primary Excretory Organ: In Hemichordata the proboscis gland or glomerulus is present inside the proboscis coelom, at the anterior portion of the buccal in the Urochordata on the dorsal side of the body above the nerve ganglion the neural gland take part in collecting the nitrogenous excretory material. In Cephaochordata excretion occur through the protonephridia, … Read more
Alimentary Canal: The alimentary canal in Hemichordata is straight, complete starting in mouth opening and an end in the anus, the alimentary canal in Hemichordata is much narrow. In Urochordata the alimentary canal is complete but it is not simple, it is not straight, intestine forms a loop, due to the presence of the intestinal … Read more