Hi, today we are going to discuss very important topics in biological sciences AIDS and HIV biological study. Most of the time we use AIDS and HIV in the same sense but both are completely different. AIDS is a disease which is caused by a retrovirus HIV have RNA as primary genetic material.
So it is now clear that both are different and hope we would not make the same mistake to assume AIDS and HIV are the same. Most of the time people are unaware about the presence of HIV virus present in their body because its incubation period is very long.
They may not show their symptoms upto ten years between that long period they spread the disease to a large number of people. They disable some immunity cells in our immunity system so it becomes very difficult to control this virus by our immunity system. They make their control over our T helper cells and remain hidden to our immunity system.
Table of Contents
Major Causes of AIDS:
It spreads in a different manner from an infected person to a healthy person and it remains unnoticed for a long time. Unprotected physical relationships with infected people have a great chance to transfer the HIV virus from infected person to non infected person.
It can pass through the placenta from infected mother to new born baby and blood transfusion from infected person also causes infection in healthy people. Injection needle used in an infected person if reused for a healthy person then the healthy person gets infected so it is very dangerous to reuse the injection needle.
Modes of Infection for HIV in Human:
HIV is an RNA virus and they are able to produce DNA from their RNA by the process of reverse transcription in host cells. HIV attacks macrophages of our body and their RNA goes inside the macrophages and makes the DNA with the help of reverse transcriptase and the DNA integrated to the genome of macrophages cells.
Integrated DNA is used for making RNA copies with the help of transcription process and it results in multiple copies of HIV virus. HIV virus attacks helper T cells and multiply in them which cause destruction of helper T cells so our immunity system becomes very poor.
As a result AIDS patients get exhausted from very common infections because the immune system is unable to fight against even less dangerous infection.
Types of HIV in General:
If we categories the HIV virus then we can find that there are two major strains of HIV one is HIV -1 and another named as HIV -2.
HIV -1 is the most found in all AIDS cases worldwide strain. HIV -1 strain can be divided into further groups like group M, group N, group O, group P.
More than 90% cases in AIDS are due to group M HIV virus worldwide and this group again has 11 subgroups from subgroup A to subgroup K. The letter ‘M’ in group M refers to the world major while other groups are not very noticeable.
Group N refers to non M and non O which have around 10 groups of infection. Group O refers to the outlier which is not seen majorly outside of Africa. Group P HIV virus is very rare in humans and it is observed in simians.
HIV -2 has 8 groups of viruses from group A to group H and this strain is most common in western Africa.
Prevention of AIDS:
Blood transfusion after testing, safe physical relationship, disposal of used needles is the primary way to prevent AIDS. AIDS is not cured so it is the best option to prevent it from transferring from infected person to healthy person.
Reference: AIDS and HIV Biological Study
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